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This indicator shows the annual national research budget allocated by governments in the field of marine technology, relative to the overall national governmental research and development budget in general.

Marine technology as defined in the IOCCGTMT refers to instruments, equipment, vessels, processes and methodologies required to produce and use knowledge to improve the study and understanding of the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas. Sustained investment in research and development (R&D), including ocean research, remains essential to advance knowledge and to develop new technology needed to support modern economies. The ocean economy yields various benefits in terms of employment, revenues and innovation in many domains. Its current developments are largely based on decades of science and R&D investments by governments around the world. Baseline information on ocean science funding, as delivered by the indicator 14.a.1 can be used as a starting point for more directed, tailored investment and new capacity development strategies, and to support the case for ensuring maximum impact of ocean research, for example through marine technology and knowledge transfer from government-funded marine and maritime R&D projects.

Fisheries Department

Fisheries Department

Biennial

Percentage (%)

The concepts used for the definition and calculation of the indicator 14.a.1 are based on similar concepts used in the UNESCO Science Report (2010, 2015).These reports present GERD data (gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development) as a share of GDP (gross domestic product) and further provide the R&D (research and development) expenditure by sector of performance in percent.

Marine technology as defined in the IOCCGTMT refers to instruments, equipment, vessels, processes and methodologies required to produce and use knowledge to improve the study and understanding of the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas. Toward this end, marine technology may include any of the following components:

a) Information and data, in a user-friendly format, on marine sciences and related marine operations and services;

b) Manuals, guidelines, criteria, standards, reference materials;

c) Sampling and methodology equipment (e.g., for water, geological, biological, chemical samples);

d) Observation facilities and equipment (e.g. remote sensing equipment, buoys, tide gauges, shipboard and other means of ocean observation);

e) Equipment for in situ and laboratory observations, analysis and experimentation;

f) Computer and computer software, including models and modelling techniques;

g) Expertise, knowledge, skills, technical/scientific/legal know-how and analytical methods related to marine scientific research and observation.

National data set with updated every two years, possibility for regional and global aggregation.

This indicator can be calculated using the following formula:

Indicator 14.a.1 = National governmental research expenditure in marine technology / National governmental R&D expenditure.

This indicator is used by Fisheries Department as a starting point for more directed, tailored investment and new capacity development strategies, and to support the case for ensuring maximum impact of ocean research through marine technology and knowledge transfer from government-funded marine and maritime R&D projects.

Since no agreed mechanism to assess ocean science capacity existed until the first edition of the Global Ocean Science Report, national reporting mechanisms are scarce and/or are not harmonised.

Definitions and mechanisms used in the development of the SDG indicator 14.a.1 are based on the IOC Criteria and Guidelines on Transfer of Marine Technology- IOCCGTMT.

All the metadata shown in this document was gathered from United Nation Statistics Division. The metadata was extracted from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/.