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DATA IDENTIFICATION


Name
Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land
Indicator purpose

The purpose of Indicator is to measure secure tenure rights to land, focusing on both legally recognized documentation and perceived security of tenure.

Abstract

Indicator 1.4.2 measures the proportion of the population with secure tenure rights to land, which includes legally recognized documentation and perceived security of tenure. It covers all land use types (residential, commercial, agricultural, etc.) and tenure types (freehold, leasehold, public, customary) in both rural and urban areas. Secure tenure means individuals have legal documentation and do not fear losing their land involuntarily. This indicator helps assess the effectiveness of policies aimed at strengthening tenure security, especially for vulnerable groups. Understanding the gap between documented rights and perceived security is crucial, as tenure might be perceived as secure without formal documentation and vice versa. This information is vital for improving land governance and administration services.

Data source

Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR)

DATA CHARACTERISTICS



Contact organization person

Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR)

Date last updated
01-SEP-2021
Periodicity

Annual

Unit of measure

Percentage (%)

Other characteristics

Legal documentation goes beyond land ownership by title deed and includes other legally enforceable documentation of user rights.

Security of tenure is the certainty that a person’s rights to land will be recognized by others and protected in cases of specific challenges. People with insecure tenure face the risk that their rights to land will be threatened by competing claims, and even lost as a result of eviction.

DATA CONCEPTS and CLASSIFICATIONS



Classification used

Tenure: How people, communities and others gain access to land and natural resources (including
fisheries and forests) is defined and regulated by societies through systems of tenure. These tenure
systems determine who can use which resources, for how long, and under what conditions. Tenure
systems may be based on written policies and laws, as well as on unwritten customs and practices. No
tenure right, including private ownership, is absolute. All tenure rights are limited by the rights of others
and by the measures taken by states for public purposes (VGGT, 2012).


Tenure typology: A tenure typology is country specific and refers to categories of tenure rights, for
example customary, leasehold, public and freehold. Rights can be held collectively, jointly or individually
and may cover one or more elements of the bundle of rights (the right of possession, of control, of
exclusion, of enjoyment and of disposition).

Secure tenure rights: comprised of two sub-components: (i) legally recognized documentation and (ii)
perception of the security of tenure, which are both necessary to provide a full measurement of tenure
security.


Legally recognized documentation: Legal documentation of rights refers to the recording and publication
of information on the nature and location of land, rights and right holders in a form that is recognized by
government, and is therefore official. For purposes of computing SDG Indicator 1.4.2, the country
specific metadata will define what documentation on land rights will be counted as legally recognized
(see next section for rationale).


Perceived security of tenure: Perception of tenure security refers to an individual’s perception of the
likelihood of involuntary loss of land, such as disagreement of the ownership rights over land or ability to
use it, regardless of the formal status and can be more optimistic or pessimistic. Although those without
land rights’ documentation may frequently be perceived to be under threat, and those with
documentation perceived as protected, there may be situations where documented land rights alone are
insufficient to guarantee tenure security. Conversely, even without legally recognized documentation,
individuals may feel themselves to be protected against eviction or dispossession. Therefore, capturing
and analysing these diverse ranges of situations will enable a more comprehensive understanding of land
tenure security, based on a country specific context.

Disaggregation

by sex and type of tenure.

Key statistical concepts

Indicator 1.4.2 is composed of two parts: (A) measures the incidence of adults with legally recognized
documentation over land among the total adult population; while (B) focuses on the incidence of adults
who report having perceived secure rights to land among the adult population. Part (A) and part (B) provide
two complementary data sets on security of tenure rights, needed for measuring the indicator.

Part (A): π‘ƒπ‘’π‘œπ‘π‘™π‘’ (𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑑) π‘€π‘–π‘‘β„Ž π‘™π‘’π‘”π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘¦ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘œπ‘”π‘›π‘–π‘§π‘’π‘‘ π‘‘π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘™π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘/π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› X 100

Part (B): π‘ƒπ‘’π‘œπ‘π‘™π‘’ (π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘‘)π‘€β„Žπ‘œ π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘π‘’π‘–π‘£π‘’ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘–π‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘”β„Žπ‘‘π‘  π‘Žπ‘  π‘ π‘’π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’/π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› x 100

Part A will be computed using national census data or household survey data generated by the national
statistical system and/or administrative data generated by land agency (depending on data availability).


Part B will be computed using national census data or household survey data that feature the perception
questions globally agreed through the EGMs and standardized in the module with the list of essential
questions.

Formula
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OTHER ASPECTS



Recommended uses

This indicator will allow for assessment of specific outcomes and practical priorities for further improvements and assist in informing governments and non-state actors to what extent countries’ legal and institutional frameworks recognize and support different land tenure categories, and implementation capacity to protect such rights in practice, as well as progress made, in order to identify the scope for additional action required at the country level as well as at a sub-national level or for certain categories, geographic entities or ecosystems, and provide for equity between men and women in rights to hold, inherit and bequeath land.

Limitations

Limitations to this indicator include limited capacities for land management, data collection and monitoring, and inadequate existing land information systems, poorly kept land registries, and limited data on large or densely populated geographical areas.

Other comments

Regular reporting on this indicator will provide an impetus to improve the availability of data on land tenure form surveys and to improve the regularity of reporting by registries and other line agencies holding administrative data, contributing also to in-country accountability. The expansion of digitization will facilitate the ease of reporting.

All the metadata shown in this document was gathered from United Nation Statistics Division. The metadata was extracted from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/.