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DATA IDENTIFICATION
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Name
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Researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants (SDG 9.5.2)
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Indicator purpose
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is a direct measure of the number of the research and development workers per 1 million people (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO))
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Abstract
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Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, as well as in the management of the projects concerned, (OECD). This indicator is a direct measure of the number of Research and Development (R&D) workers there are per 1 million people. R&D covers basic research, applied research and experimental development. This includes R&D by students at the master or doctoral level.
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Data source
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UNESCO
National R&D Surveys
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DATA CHARACTERISTICS
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Contact organization person
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UNESCO Institute for Statistics
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Date last updated
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29-OCT-2019
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Periodicity
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Annual
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Unit of measure
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Weighted average
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Other characteristics
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Researchers conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. The number of R&D professionals is collected from all countries using a questionnaire prepared by UNESCO.
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DATA CONCEPTS and CLASSIFICATIONS
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Classification used
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Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.
Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods.
The Full-time equivalent (FTE) of R&D personnel is defined as the ratio of working hours actually spent on R&D during a specific reference period (usually a calendar year) divided by the total number of hours conventionally worked in the same period by an individual or by a group.
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Disaggregation
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employment, field of science, sex and age
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Key statistical concepts
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Computation of the indicator Researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants uses available population data as denominator.
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Formula
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OTHER ASPECTS
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Recommended uses
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The indicator is a direct measure of the number of research and development workers per 1 million people referred to in the target.
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Limitations
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Research and development (R&D) data need to be collected through surveys, which are expensive, and are not done on a regular basis in many developing countries. Furthermore, (developing) countries do not always cover all sectors of performance. In particular the business sector is not always covered.
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Other comments
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The data is collected via national R&D surveys either by the national statistical office or a line ministry.
All the metadata shown in this document was gathered from United Nation Statistics Division. The metadata was extracted from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/